Mobile apps and high-speed internet may rule over communications with everything at the user’s fingertips, especially in this day and age. However, many individuals around the world continue to rely on basic and low-tech approaches, with no smartphone, internet connection, or data plans.
One of the common low-tech tools is a USSD code.
Checking the balance or recharging the phone via the code *123# gives the user a confirmation of USSD in action, albeit in an indirect way. USSD codes could be called something else in layman’s manner. This article discusses the functions and advantages of USSD codes while capturing its relevance in today’s mobile society.
What Is USSD Code?
The full form of USSD is Unstructured Supplementary Service Data. This is a method of communication within mobile networks and telephone systems which allows the sending and receiving of information from a mobile device for a simulation terminal.
Unlike text messages (SMS), USSD permits live interaction between your mobile gadget and service provider. When dialing a USSD code, it opens a communication channel that remains active for a brief period, allowing exchange of information to happen in real time.
Basic Illustrations of USSD Codes:
*123# – View mobile balance
*135*RechargePIN# – Add credit to prepaid mobile
*99# – Get banking services in India
*#06# – Obtain phone’s IMEI number
The use of the smartphone is not necessary in the context of the internet to utilize USSD codes. Users need only access to a basic mobile phone because services in their countries operate on all GSM phones.
How Does USSD Work?
USSD operates by creating a user-terminating session with the mobile network server. Unlike SMS, where messages are sent and subsequently stored or delivered at some later time, USSD allows both parties to have a dialog as long as the session is still active.
A USSD request flows as follows:
1: User dials a USSD code
For instance, dial *123# on a phone.
2: Request reaches the mobile network
The request is captured by the nearest mobile tower and forwarded to the mobile switching communication center (MSC) responsible for call and message routing.
3. Routed to the USSD Gateway
The code is recognized as a USSD request by the MSC, which then sends it to the USSD gateway. This system takes care of the request and interfaces with the necessary application or service.
4. Backend System Processing
As with other systems, the gateway forwards the request to the specific system, which may include a telecom operator’s server or a bank’s database, to perform the fetch or execute the service.
5. Information is Received by the User
Information typically appears as a notification or listed in an interactive menu on the user interface.
6. User Can Take Action or Leave
The session permits additional inputs until it runs out or concludes if it’s a multi-step action (such as selecting a data pack or transferring money).
Where Are USSD Codes Applicable
For ease, speed, and convenience, USSD codes are applicable for a wide range of services.
1. Mobile Network Services
Mobile operators make use of USSD for the following:
- Balance inquiries
- Recharging using a voucher
- Purchasing data or calling plans
- Activating or deactivating various services
- SIM card settings management
Due to the fact that these processes don’t require an internet connection, USSD serves as a vital tool for mobile subscribers all over the globe.
2. Mobile Banking and Payments
USSD is done on a basic feature phone, and in most regions of South Asia and Africa, people can use USSD for:
- Checking account balances
- Transferring money from one account to another
- Paying utility payments
- Purchasing mobile credits
- Issuing mini-statements
For instance, in India, the usage of UPI-enabled services with basic phones can be accessed via dialing *99#.
3. Government and Public Services
Public and private organizations make use of USSD for:
- Payment of welfare services
- Collection of feedbacks or survey data
- Provision of basic health or education services
In developed regions that lack sufficient digital means, USSD serves as the main means for interaction with the government and other formal services via mobile phones.
4. Authentication and Identity
Not all USSD mobile services are authenticated, but critical transactions like logins or payments confirmations use USSD for verification especially where SMS is not reliably sent and received.
USSD versus SMS versus Mobile Applications
To locate USSD within the entire ecosystem of phone-based services, we need to compare it with its key alternatives
| Feature | USSD | SMS | Mobile Apps |
| Internet Needed | No | No | Yes |
| Works on Basic Phones | Yes | Yes | No |
| Interactive | Yes (live session) | No (one-way communication) | Yes |
| Media Support | No | No | Yes (images, video, etc.) |
| Message Storage | No | Yes | Yes |
| Response Time | Instant | Can be delayed | Fast (depends on internet) |
Reasons for Benefits of USSD
Prior to the upsurge of smartphones and USSD technology, there still lies some relevance owing to the following factors:
1. Doesn’t Require The Internet
Unlike other software, USSD does not require internet connection, which can be extremely beneficial during network breakdowns or in remote areas.
2. Supports All Mobile Devices
Even the older dial devices can operate USSD, which is a convenience for all users as no downloads are required even of mobile applications.
3. Instant Replies
USSD responses are received in real time without a set delay as witnessed with traditional SMS.
4. Affordable
USSD charges are either not imposed by most mobile service providers or the amount is insignificant.
5. Simple Design
The system can be accessed by the undereducated; therefore, all people regardless of their education levels can make use of the device’s features.
Disadvantages of USSD
As is the case with any technology, USSD has strengths, but also weaknesses. Below are some points to consider;
1. Session Timeouts
Like any other technology, USSD has its setbacks too. For example, USSD sessions get automatically disconnected after 60 to 90 seconds of idle time, which is highly inconvenient during longer processes.
2. Text-Only Format
Because of the nature of USSD, its services are limited to texts only as there are no images, colors or other graphics. This makes USSD unsuitable for sophisticated or entertaining services.
3. Vulnerability to Misuse
Even with the lack of stored messages within the protocol, the possibility of a warning user dial harmful codes still exists.
4. Inconsistent Support Across Networks
Usage of certain codes depend on some mobile operators or certain areas which can vary.
Also Read: Ultimate Guide to Bulk SMS : Empower Your Communication in 2025
Practical Examples
M-Pesa (Kenya)
Amongst the USSD powered banking services, M-Pesa is perhaps the most popular as it enables users to send and receive money, bank, as well as pay bills all using a simple USSD menu. For daily transactions, M-Pesa is utilized by millions of people who have never stepped foot in a bank.
MTN Mobile Money (Africa)
USSD serves as the backbone for the mobile wallet, savings, and bill payment systems offered to users without smartphones in numerous African nations.
*99# Service (India)
This service enables the use of UPI services via USSD, which allows transactions from any mobile phone that does not require the internet.
FAQs: The Most Frequently Asked Questions Regarding USSD
What is USSD in full form?
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data.
What is a USSD code used for?
USSD codes are utilized for mobile services such as data checking, balance checking, recharge, and banking services without internet access.
Can USSD codes be operated on smartphone devices?
Yes, USSD codes are universal and can be used on all phones, both smartphones and basic phones with a GSM connection.
Is there a fee to utilize USSD codes?
USSD codes can be used free of charge or at a minimal fee, depending on the mobile provider.
Is it safe to use USSD for transactions concerning money?
Banking is made safe using a PIN and short session times to authenticate, however, users sharing sensitive information through untrusted codes should not be doing so.
What is the reason for the timeout of USSD sessions?
USSD sessions are closed after a short period of inactivity to limit unintended use or abuse.
Final Remarks: Why USSD Still Matters
While the experience of many users today has been transformed by apps and high-speed internet, USSD is still crucial in areas where smartphones and 4G connectivity are not widespread. It is useful to have because it is simple, quick to access, and does not require an internet connection.
USSD allows various services to be completed via scrolling such as balance inquiries, money transfers, and even paying for government services—no app downloads and no data needed.
Should you decide to help other people maximize the functionality of their phones by guiding them through step-by-step instructions, this document welcomes sharing.